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← JEE Advanced 2020 · Paper 1
PhysicsMultiple correct+4 / -2Question 12 of 54

JEE Advanced 2020 · Paper 1, Physics question 12

As shown schematically in the figure, two vessels contain water solutions (at temperature TT) of potassium permanganate (KMnOX4\ce{KMnO4}) of different concentrations n1n_1 and n2 (n1>n2)n_2\ (n_1 > n_2) molecules per unit volume with Δn=(n1−n2)≪n1\Delta n = (n_1 - n_2) \ll n_1. When they are connected by a tube of small length ll and cross-sectional area SS, KMnOX4\ce{KMnO4} starts to diffuse from the left to the right vessel through the tube. Consider the collection of molecules to behave as dilute ideal gases and the difference in their partial pressure in the two vessels causing the diffusion. The speed vv of the molecules is limited by the viscous force −βv-\beta v on each molecule, where β\beta is a constant. Neglecting all terms of the order (Δn)2(\Delta n)^2, which of the following is/are correct? (kBk_B is the Boltzmann constant)

Two cylindrical vessels side by side holding solutions of concentration n₁ (left, darker) and n₂ (right, lighter), joined near the bottom by a short horizontal tube of cross-section S and length l.
Choose one or more options
Answer and worked solution

Official answer: A, B, C

Treat the dissolved molecules as an ideal gas, p=nkBTp=nk_BT.

(A) Driving force. The partial-pressure difference across the tube acts on its cross-section:
F=Δp S=Δn kBT S.F=\Delta p\,S=\Delta n\,k_BT\,S.
(A) is true.

(B) Force balance. The tube holds about n1Sln_1Sl molecules, each moving at steady speed vv against the drag βv\beta v:
n1Sl βv=Δn kBT S  ⟹  n1βvl=Δn kBT.n_1Sl\,\beta v=\Delta n\,k_BT\,S\implies n_1\beta vl=\Delta n\,k_BT.
(B) is true.

(C) Rate.
dNdt=n1vS=(Δnl)(kBTβ)S.\frac{dN}{dt}=n_1vS=\left(\frac{\Delta n}l\right)\left(\frac{k_BT}\beta\right)S.
(C) is true.

(D) As molecules move across, Δn\Delta n falls, so the rate falls too. (D) is false.

(A), (B), (C)