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JEE Advanced 2020 · Paper 2, Mathematics question 13

An engineer is required to visit a factory for exactly four days during the first 15 days of every month and it is mandatory that no two visits take place on consecutive days. Then the number of all possible ways in which such visits to the factory can be made by the engineer during 1-15 June 2021 is ______

Answer and worked solution

Official answer: 495

Gap counting. Choosing 4 non-consecutive days out of 15 is the same as placing 4 visits among 11 non-visit days with at most one visit in each of the 12 gaps:
(15−4+14)=(124)=495.\binom{15-4+1}4=\binom{12}4=495.
Answer: 495